In the previous part we left off with a basic Kivy app that displays a label. In this part we’re going to talk about label properties.
But before we delve into the topic, here’s some info for you.
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Table of Contents
Book Info
I just published my Kivy book, GUI Programming with Python and Kivy. It’s pretty long (over 800 pages) and comprehensive. And, which also counts, easy to read. The book contains lots of illustrations.
This book covers all the basics that you need to know to start programming GUI applications with Python and Kivy. Throughout the book we are building a GUI application from scratch, a fully functional game using all kinds of tools that Kivy has to offer. It’s our Slugrace project, but covered in a much more in-depth manner.
Each part of the book starts with a theoretical introduction of a topic or idea that we then implement in the project. I assume you have no prior knowledge of the Kivy library, but you should have at least some basic knowledge of the Python programming language, including the object-oriented programming paradigm as this is what we will be using a lot in this book.
The book covers all the basic elements of Kivy that you have to know, like widgets, layouts, Kivy ids and properties, graphics, screens, animation, sound. Finally we’ll deploy the app to Windows. It is pretty comprehensive and after you finish it, I’m sure you’ll be able to create your own awesome GUI apps of any kind, not just games.
I hope you will have at least as much fun reading the book as I had writing it.
As far as this Kivy series is concerned, the following parts will contain the most important elements covered in the book. However, some elements will be presented in a simplified way here on my blog or omitted completely.
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If you are interested, you can purchase the book in four versions. Here are the links:
1) ebook – pdf version on my website – in full color
Here you can see the description of the book, sample graphics from the book and the full table of contents.
2) ebook – Kindle version on Amazon – in full color
3) paperback version on Amazon – in black and white
4) paperback version on Amazon – in full color
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And Now Let’s Move On…
Here’s the code again.
The Python file:
# File name: main.py
import kivy
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.button import Label
class HelloWorldApp(App):
def build(self):
return Label()
if __name__ == '__main__':
HelloWorldApp().run()
and the kv file:
# File name: helloworld.kv
<Label>:
text: 'Hello World!'
This program displays a label. The label has a text property. This is a special Kivy property, not to be confused with the regular Python property. We’re going to use Kivy properties a lot, and even create our own ones, just bear with me. Anyway, the Label class has some more properties. We’re going to have a look at the Label properties in this part and then in the next part we’ll see how to use other widgets like buttons, toggle buttons, check boxes, text inputs and sliders, both in Python and in the Kivy language. These are the widgets we’ll be making use of in our project, but there many others, which you can look up in the documentation, which you can find at kivy.org.
And now let’s have a closer look at the Label class and the Label properties. You already know the text property. It’s used to set the actual text you want to display. By the way, you probably noticed that the name of a property is followed by a colon and then comes the value we want to set the property to. This same syntax is valid for all the other properties.
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Other Label Properties – The font_size Property
The next property I’d like to mention is font_size. The name is pretty self-explanatory, let me just add that the value is in pixels. Let’s add this property to the code in our helloworld.kv file:
<Label>:
text: 'Hello World!'
font_size: 50
If you now run the program (you must go to the main.py tab first), the label displayed in the window will be much bigger than before:
Other Label Properties – The color Property
There’s another property for the color of the text, called color to make things more interesting. What is really interesting about this property, however, is its value, which is a list with four elements: r(ed), g(reen), b(lue) and a(lpha). The default value is [1, 1, 1, 1], which corresponds to fully opaque white. The values for each component are in the range from 0 to 1, which probably is not exactly what you are used to. In a lot of frameworks the values of r, g, b and a are from 0 to 255. Here, it is your task to recalculate the values so that they fit in the 0-1 range. Just keep in mind that 0 is the same in both ranges and 255 in the traditional scale corresponds to 1 in kv. So, if you want the color to be a shade of purple where the values are:
r = 126
g = 45
b = 210
a = 255
you can either calculate the kv values manually like so:
r = 126/255 ≈ 0.56
g = 45/255 ≈ 0.18
b = 210/255 ≈ 0.82
a = 255/255 = 1
or type the operations directly in the list. So, in our case you could set the color like so:
color: [.56, .18, .82, 1]or like so:
color: [126/255, 45/255, 210/255, 1]
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You can use whichever you like. I like the second one better because I’m used to the 0-255 range, but I’m going to use them interchangeably throughout the project so that you get used to both of them. Now the full kv code is:
<Label>:
text: 'Hello World!'
font_size: 50
color: [126/255, 45/255, 210/255, 1]
and if you run the program (from main.py), this is what you will get:
Text Markup
There are lots of other properties that you can use with the Label class. Some of them will be used in the project and I’ll talk a little more about them when you need them. There is however one very interesting property that we are not going to use in the app, and which is definitely worth mentioning, that’s why I’d like to tell you something about it now.
You can style your text using text markup. This is very similar to what you may be familiar with if you know some HTML, however instead of angled brackets (<>, </>) we use square brackets in kv ([ ], [/]). Just like in HTML there’s an opening tag and a closing tag, as you can see.
tags
There are lots of tags available. Let’s have a look at just a small selection:
[b][/b] – bold text
[i][/i] – italic text
[u][/u] – underlined text
[s][/s] – strikethrough text
[sub][/sub] – subscript text
[sup][/sup] – superscript text
[size=<integer>][/size] – font size
[color=#<color>][/color] – text color
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The markup Property
In order to use text markup, you must add one more property, markup, and set it to True. Let’s now change the text to something longer than Hello World and try the markup tags out. Here’s the code:
<Label>:
text: 'normal [b]bold[/b] [i]italic[/i] \n[u]underlined[/u] [s]strikethrough[/s] \n[sub]subscript[/sub] [sup]superscript[/sup] [size=100]big[/size] [color=#ff0f]yellow[/color]'
font_size: 50
color: [126/255, 45/255, 210/255, 1]
markup: True
Two things to keep in mind:
First, the value of the text property, which is the string, should be all on a single line.
Second, in text markup we use hex values for colors, so if the rgba for yellow is 255, 255, 0, 255 (fully opaque), then its hexadecimal representation is ff0f, which you can see in the color tag.
Also notice that there are newline characters (\n) inside the string.
Now run the program and you should get something like this:
We’ve been working with just one basic widget so far, the label. But there are lots of other useful widgets, like buttons, toggle buttons, check boxes, text inputs, sliders and many, many more. We’re going to use some of them in our application, so in the following parts I’ll show you some of the widgets that we’re going to use and some of their most important properties.